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Spanish "Ser" Cheat Sheet
Situations, examples of "Ser" in all forms.
Present Tense (Presente)
Situation: Used to describe permanent attributes, professions, characteristics, relationships, nationalities, and roles.
- yo soy: "Yo soy médico." (I am a doctor.)
- tú eres: "Tú eres muy amable." (You are very kind.)
- él/ella/usted es: "Ella es estudiante." (She is a student.)
- nosotros/nosotras somos: "Nosotros somos amigos." (We are friends.)
- vosotros/vosotras sois: "Vosotros sois españoles." (You all are Spanish - informal in Spain.)
- ellos/ellas/ustedes son: "Ellos son profesores." (They are teachers.)
Preterite Tense (Pretérito)
Situation: Used to describe completed actions, past states, roles, events, characteristics, and relationships.
- yo fui: "Yo fui al mercado ayer." (I was at the market yesterday.)
- tú fuiste: "Tú fuiste mi mejor amigo." (You were my best friend.)
- él/ella/usted fue: "Él fue presidente del club." (He was the president of the club.)
- nosotros/nosotras fuimos: "Nosotros fuimos a la fiesta." (We were at the party.)
- vosotros/vosotras fuisteis: "Vosotros fuisteis muy valientes." (You all were very brave - informal in Spain.)
- ellos/ellas/ustedes fueron: "Ellos fueron mis compañeros de clase." (They were my classmates.)
Imperfect Tense (Imperfecto)
Situation: Used to describe ongoing or habitual actions, continuous states, past relationships, qualities, and conditions.
- yo era: "Cuando era niño, jugaba mucho." (When I was a child, I played a lot.)
- tú eras: "Tú eras el más rápido en la carrera." (You were the fastest in the race.)
- él/ella/usted era: "Ella era muy tímida." (She was very shy.)
- nosotros/nosotras éramos: "Nosotros éramos vecinos." (We were neighbors.)
- vosotros/vosotras erais: "Vosotros erais estudiantes ejemplares." (You all were exemplary students - informal in Spain.)
- ellos/ellas/ustedes eran: "Ellos eran muy trabajadores." (They were very hardworking.)
Future Tense (Futuro)
Situation: Used to describe future professions, states, predictions, and achievements.
- yo seré: "Yo seré ingeniero." (I will be an engineer.)
- tú serás: "Tú serás famoso algún día." (You will be famous someday.)
- él/ella/usted será: "Ella será la mejor." (She will be the best.)
- nosotros/nosotras seremos: "Nosotros seremos felices." (We will be happy.)
- vosotros/vosotras seréis: "Vosotros seréis grandes artistas." (You all will be great artists - informal in Spain.)
- ellos/ellas/ustedes serán: "Ellos serán importantes." (They will be important.)
Conditional Tense (Condicional)
Situation: Used to describe hypothetical situations, desires, abilities, characteristics, suitability, reception, and usefulness.
- yo sería: "Yo sería más feliz en la playa." (I would be happier at the beach.)
- tú serías: "Tú serías un buen líder." (You would be a good leader.)
- él/ella/usted sería: "Ella sería una gran cantante." (She would be a great singer.)
- nosotros/nosotras seríamos: "Nosotros seríamos perfectos para el trabajo." (We would be perfect for the job.)
- vosotros/vosotras seríais: "Vosotros seríais bienvenidos aquí." (You all would be welcome here - informal in Spain.)
- ellos/ellas/ustedes serían: "Ellos serían muy útiles." (They would be very helpful.)
Present Subjunctive (Presente de Subjuntivo)
Situation: Used to express hope, doubt, possibility, necessity, importance, wishes, desires, likelihood, and speculation.
- yo sea: "Espero que yo sea el elegido." (I hope that I am the chosen one.)
- tú seas: "Es posible que tú seas el ganador." (It's possible that you are the winner.)
- él/ella/usted sea: "Dudo que ella sea la culpable." (I doubt that she is the guilty one.)
- nosotros/nosotras seamos: "Es importante que nosotros seamos puntuales." (It's important that we are punctual.)
- vosotros/vosotras seáis: "Quiero que vosotros seáis felices." (I want you all to be happy - informal in Spain.)
- ellos/ellas/ustedes sean: "Es probable que ellos sean responsables." (It's likely that they are responsible.)
Imperfect Subjunctive (Imperfecto de Subjuntivo)
Situation: Used in conditional sentences to express hypothetical situations, conditions, and their consequences.
- yo fuera: "Si yo fuera rico, viajaría por el mundo." (If I were rich, I would travel the world.)
- tú fueras: "Si tú fueras más alto, podrías jugar baloncesto." (If you were taller, you could play basketball.)
- él/ella/usted fuera: "Si ella fuera más joven, participaría." (If she were younger, she would participate.)
- nosotros/nosotras fuéramos: "Si fuéramos famosos, viviríamos en una mansión." (If we were famous, we would live in a mansion.)
- vosotros/vosotras fuerais: "Si fuerais estudiantes, entenderíais." (If you all were students, you would understand - informal in Spain.)
- ellos/ellas/ustedes fueran: "Si ellos fueran amables, tendrían más amigos." (If they were kind, they would have more friends.)
Future Subjunctive (Futuro de Subjuntivo) [Rarely used]
Situation: Used in formal or literary contexts to express future hypothetical situations, conditions, and events.
- yo fuere: "Lo que fuere, será." (Whatever will be, will be.)
- tú fueres: "Cuando tú fuere mayor, entenderás." (When you are older, you will understand.)
- él/ella/usted fuere: "El que fuere el más rápido, ganará." (Whoever is the fastest will win.)
- nosotros/nosotras fuéremos: "Si nosotros fuéremos los elegidos, aceptaremos." (If we are the chosen ones, we will accept.)
- vosotros/vosotras fuereis: "Si vosotros fuereis los ganadores, celebrad." (If you all are the winners, celebrate - informal in Spain.)
- ellos/ellas/ustedes fueren: "Si ellos fueren los responsables, serán castigados." (If they are the responsible ones, they will be punished.)
Imperative (Imperativo)
Situation: Used to give commands or make requests.
- (tú) sé: "Sé amable con los demás." (Be kind to others - affirmative command.)
- (usted) sea: "Sea puntual, por favor." (Be punctual, please - formal command.)
- (nosotros/nosotras) seamos: "Seamos optimistas." (Let's be optimistic.)
- (vosotros/vosotras) sed: "Sed felices." (Be happy - informal command in Spain.)
- (ustedes) sean: "Sean responsables." (Be responsible - formal command.)